Context:
A peer-reviewed study found that heatwaves increase surface ozone levels in India, especially in northern India, where levels reached 85–110 µg/m³, exceeding the WHO guideline of 70 µg/m³. The study links ozone exposure during heatwaves with higher deaths from ischaemic heart disease and COPD.
Explanation:
- Surface ozone or ground-level ozone is a harmful air pollutant present near the Earth’s surface.
- It is a secondary pollutant, meaning it is not emitted directly but forms through chemical reactions.
- It forms when sunlight and heat react with pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde.
- High temperature during heatwaves speeds up ozone formation and worsens air pollution.
- Ozone damages the respiratory system and increases risk for people with cardiac and lung diseases.
- Important diseases linked with exposure include ischaemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Ozone levels usually fall within 3–4 days after a heatwave ends.
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