Why in News?
US President Donald Trump designated the antifa movement as a “domestic terrorist organization” following the murder of conservative activist Charlie Kirk, despite no evidence linking antifa to the incident, sparking debate over its structure, ideology, and legal status.
Description:
- Full form: Anti-Fascist
- Nature: Decentralized, loosely organized movement, not a traditional political party or hierarchical organization.
- Ideology: Anti-fascist, anti-white supremacy, pro-First Amendment free speech (in the U.S. context).
- Origins:
- Roots in early 20th-century European anti-fascist movements.
- Gained prominence in the United States after 2016, post-Trump election.
Structure & Functioning:
- Decentralized: Independent local groups, no clear command structure or central leadership.
- Affinity groups: Informal units of 3–8 trusted members during protests.
- Tactics:
- Direct action: street protests, counter-protests.
- Can include violent conduct (burning police cars, breaking windows).
- Online activity: Tracking right-wing groups, doxxing extremists.
- Appearance: Black clothing, covered faces during protests.
Legal & Controversial Incidents:
- U.S. law enforcement: No verified terrorist incidents linked to antifa in the U.S.
- Trump Administration:
- Signed an executive order designating antifa as a “domestic terrorist organization” after Charlie Kirk’s murder (2025).
- No evidence linking antifa to Kirk’s assassination.
- Notable incidents:
- Portland, Oregon (2020): Michael Reinoehl, a self-identified antifa supporter, killed Aaron Danielson (Patriot Prayer member); Reinoehl was later killed by law enforcement.
- San Diego (2021 protests): Two men convicted of conspiracy to riot; labeled as antifa members.
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