Context: A recent report highlights the disproportionate impact of tuberculosis (TB) on women in India, with issues of stigma, delayed diagnosis, and healthcare access barriers.
About Tuberculosis (TB):
- Type: Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (bacterial)
- Transmission: Airborne spread through droplets (coughing/sneezing)
- Affected Organs: Primarily lungs (Pulmonary TB); also Extra-Pulmonary TB (EPTB)
- Burden: India accounts for ~25% of global TB cases (highest worldwide)
- Vaccine: BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine → given at birth; protection mainly against severe childhood TB
- Portal: Nikshay Portal → digital platform for TB patient tracking, notification, and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
- Risk Factors: Undernutrition, anaemia, poor immunity, overcrowding
- Programme: National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) → target to eliminate TB by 2025
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