Why in News?
A UN synthesis report ahead of COP 30 in Brazil revealed that countries are on track to reduce emissions by only 17% of 2019 levels by 2035, far short of the 37–57% cuts needed to meet the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C goal.
Description:
- Released by: UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
- Purpose: Assesses collective progress of countries toward Paris Agreement goals.
- Projected Emission Cuts: Only 17% reduction (from 2019 levels) by 2035.
- Required Reduction:
- For 1.5°C goal → 57% by 2035
- For 2°C goal → 37% by 2035
- NDC Updates: Only 64 of 190 countries submitted updated NDCs; India yet to update after August 2022.
- Projected Global Emissions (2035): ~13 billion tonnes CO₂ equivalent.
- Adaptation in NDCs: 73% now include adaptation measures.
- Focus Areas:
- Afforestation & Reforestation
- Solar Energy & Low-Carbon Hydrogen
- CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilisation & Storage)
- Global Initiative: Push to triple renewable energy capacity by 2030.
UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change):
- Established: 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit.
- Aim: Stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations to prevent dangerous interference with the climate system.
- Conference of Parties (COP): Annual meeting of member countries to review progress and negotiate commitments.
- Supporting Institutions:
- IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): Provides scientific data and assessments.
- UNEP and WMO assist in global environmental monitoring.
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