Context:
Tigress Zeenat, translocated from Maharashtra to Odisha’s Similipal Tiger Reserve, has given birth to four cubs. This is significant for Odisha’s tiger conservation efforts as the translocation aimed to improve genetic diversity in Similipal’s tiger population.
Explanation:
- Similipal Tiger Reserve is located in Odisha and is part of the larger Similipal Biosphere Reserve. It is known for forests, waterfalls, rich biodiversity and tiger habitat.
- It is also associated with melanistic tigers, popularly called black tigers, which show unusually broad and dark stripes due to genetic variation.
- Tiger translocation means shifting tigers from one habitat to another to strengthen population, reduce inbreeding and improve genetic diversity.
- Genetic diversity is important because a small isolated population may suffer from inbreeding, reduced immunity and poor adaptability.
- India’s tiger conservation is mainly guided by Project Tiger, National Tiger Conservation Authority, tiger reserves and scientific monitoring.
- Earlier tiger introduction in Satkosia Tiger Reserve faced challenges, making Zeenat’s successful reproduction important for Odisha’s conservation strategy.
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Tiger Genetic Diversity and Similipal Conservation