Context:
The United States has issued a 60-day sanctions waiver, valid until August 21, permitting transactions related to the production, sale, delivery and offloading of Iranian crude oil and petroleum products. The measure also covers certain financial and shipping-related transactions involving previously sanctioned vessels.

Explanation:
- Economic sanctions are restrictions imposed by a country to influence another country’s policies by limiting trade, finance, investment or access to technology.
- The U.S. has imposed extensive sanctions on Iran, particularly targeting its oil exports, banking system, shipping companies and nuclear programme.
- A sanctions waiver temporarily exempts specified transactions or entities from existing restrictions without permanently removing the sanctions.
- It also allows payments where transactions are conducted in U.S. dollars or dollar-denominated funds, subject to stated conditions.
- Increased Iranian oil supply may reduce international prices and diversify India’s crude-import sources.
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