Context:
India and Australia have finalised the administrative arrangements required to operationalise uranium exports from Australia to India under the Australia–India Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, 2015.
Explanation:
- Uranium is the primary fuel for nuclear fission reactors, particularly Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and other civilian nuclear power plants.
- Australia possesses over one-fourth of the world’s known uranium reserves and is among the leading global uranium exporters.
- India is not a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) but received a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) in 2008, enabling international civil nuclear trade.
- The Australia–India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement was signed in 2014 and entered into force in 2015, permitting uranium exports for peaceful uses.
- The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards ensure that imported uranium is used only in civilian nuclear facilities and not for military purposes.
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Australia India Nuclear Agreement: Uranium Supply Begins