Context: A study conducted in Manas National Park, Assam, has found that certain invasive alien plant species, despite their harmful ecological impacts, serve as important nectar and larval host plants for butterflies.

Explanation
- Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are non-native species that spread rapidly, threatening native biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and livelihoods.
- Butterflies depend on larval host plants for caterpillar development and nectar plants for adult nutrition, pollination and reproduction.
- The study identified Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and Ziziphus mauritiana as significant nectar sources supporting diverse butterfly species in Manas National Park.
- Several invasive plants also function as host plants, while native species such as Ricinus communis, Sida rhombifolia, Cleome rutidosperma and Tridax procumbens remain ecologically important.
- Manas National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, forms part of the Manas Tiger Reserve and Biosphere Reserve, adjoining Bhutan’s Royal Manas National Park.
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