Context
Recently, the Union government strengthened its push for Compressed Biogas (CBG) through the revamped GOBARdhan scheme. With CBG capacity expanding, reliable procurement, transport and storage of agricultural and animal waste have emerged as major requirements for ensuring viable and continuous production.
Explanation
- Compressed Biogas (CBG) is purified and compressed biogas, produced through anaerobic digestion of organic waste in the absence of oxygen.
- Common feedstocks include cattle dung, press mud, paddy straw, wheat straw and other agricultural residues.
- Raw biogas mainly contains methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂); purification increases methane concentration, making CBG suitable as a fuel.
- CBG can substitute Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in transport and Piped Natural Gas (PNG) in domestic and industrial uses.
- Feedstock characteristics differ: press mud and cattle dung are moisture-rich and require nearby sourcing, while paddy straw can travel farther after baling.
- Agricultural residues are seasonal, creating challenges of timely collection, safe storage, moisture control and transportation.
- Aggregator-based supply chains can connect farmers with CBG plants and ensure regular feedstock availability.
- Bio-slurry, a by-product of CBG production, can be returned to farms as an organic fertiliser, supporting a circular economy.
- The GOBARdhan initiative promotes conversion of biodegradable waste into CBG and organic manure, contributing to waste-to-wealth, cleaner energy and reduced fossil-fuel dependence.
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CBG Supply Chain: Key to Scaling Biogas Production