Context
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has proposed introducing stricter Bharat Stage-VII (BS-VII) emission norms for new cars and SUVs from April 1, 2029. According to the draft notification, implementation will occur in three phases between 2029 and 2035.
Explanation
- Bharat Stage (BS) norms are vehicle emission standards introduced by the Government of India to regulate air pollutants released by motor vehicles.
- These standards are based on European emission norms (Euro standards) and are implemented under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, and the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.
- India introduced BS-I norms in 2000 and directly shifted from BS-IV to BS-VI in April 2020, skipping BS-V.
- BS-VI norms impose stricter limits on harmful pollutants, including nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC).
- BS-VII norms aim to further reduce vehicular pollution through tighter emission limits and improved monitoring of vehicle emissions.
- Emission norms differ from fuel-efficiency standards: BS norms regulate pollutants, while Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) standards regulate manufacturers’ fleet-average fuel consumption and associated CO₂ emissions.
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