Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India and Its Neighborhood, Issue: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit.
Context:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Tianjin marks a significant step in easing tensions and fostering cooperation between the two neighboring powers.
- After years of border conflicts and diplomatic strains, both leaders expressed commitment to peace, stability, and dialogue while emphasizing broader economic and strategic cooperation.
Key Takeaways:
| Shanghai Cooperation Organization: It is an intergovernmental political, economic, and security alliance founded in 2001 by Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The first summit was held in Shanghai, China, in 2001. The SCO aims to promote cooperation and mutual support in areas such as trade, investment, energy, transportation, and security.The Shanghai Spirit is the core value of the SCO. It is about mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for cultural diversity, and the pursuit of common development among the SCO members. The official working language of the SCO Secretariat is Russian and Chinese. The main objectives of SCO are: Strengthen relations among member states.Promote cooperation in political affairs, economics, and trade, scientific-technical, cultural, and educational spheres as well as in energy, transportation, tourism, and environmental protection.Safeguard regional peace, security, and stability.Create a democratic, equitable international political and economic order. Composition: The membership of SCO has expanded since 2001, and it currently has eight member states.1996: ‘Shanghai Five’ established by Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan.2001: After adding Uzbekistan in 2001, the Shanghai Five was renamed the SCO.2015: At Ufa, Russia, the SCO decided to admit India and Pakistan as full members.2016: India and Pakistan signed the memorandum of obligations in Tashkent (Uzbekistan), thereby starting the formal process of joining the SCO as full members.2017: At Astana, India and Pakistan officially joined SCO as full members2021: It was announced that Iran would become a full member of the SCO.Members: China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran, Uzbekistan and BelarusObservers: Afghanistan and MongoliaDialogue Partners: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Egypt, Nepal, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. |
India-China Border Meeting: Key Points and Impacts:
The Modi-Xi meeting at the SCO summit reflects cautious optimism in India-China relations, with both leaders prioritizing peace, dialogue, and pragmatic cooperation. While border disputes persist, commitments to economic ties, cultural exchanges, and counterterrorism highlight efforts to build stability bilaterally, regionally, and globally.
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