Biomass Cookstoves as a Cleaner and Cheaper Alternative to LPG

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Biomass Cookstoves as a Cleaner and Cheaper Alternative to LPG

Context: Amid rising LPG prices and supply constraints, there is renewed discussion on the use of improved biomass cookstoves (ICS) as a cost-effective and cleaner alternative, especially in rural areas. Modern cookstoves claim higher efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional firewood-based chulhas

  • Biomass refers to organic material such as firewood, crop residues, dung cakes, pellets, and briquettes used as fuel for energy.
  • Traditional biomass burning in chulhas leads to incomplete combustion, causing indoor air pollution and health hazards such as respiratory diseases.
  • Improved Cookstoves (ICS) are designed to enhance combustion efficiency by ensuring better airflow and secondary air injection, thereby reducing smoke and particulate emissions.
  • Thermal efficiency of traditional chulhas is around 10%, whereas improved cookstoves can achieve efficiencies of 35–45% or higher.
  • Biomass is considered a renewable energy source if harvested sustainably, i.e., the rate of consumption does not exceed the rate of regeneration.
  • Government initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) aim to promote LPG adoption, but affordability and refill costs remain challenges. 

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