Context:
India and China held the 35th meeting of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) on India-China Border Affairs in Beijing. Both sides reviewed the border situation, discussed delimitation and border management issues, and agreed to maintain peace and tranquillity along the border through diplomatic and military channels.
- India and China share a long and disputed boundary, broadly divided into western, middle and eastern sectors.
- The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the practical boundary separating areas under Indian and Chinese control, but it is not mutually agreed or clearly demarcated everywhere.
- Border delimitation means deciding the boundary on maps; demarcation means marking it physically on the ground.
- The WMCC is a diplomatic mechanism created to discuss India-China border affairs and prevent escalation.
- The Special Representatives’ mechanism deals with the larger political-level boundary question between both countries.
- Border peace is important because tensions along the LAC affect trade, diplomacy, military deployment and overall bilateral relations.
- India also seeks cooperation on trans-border rivers, as many rivers originating in Tibet flow into India.
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