Context
Recently, H1N1 (swine flu) cases have increased in Delhi, with doctors advising vaccination and precautions while cautioning against panic. Experts have indicated that genetic analysis may help determine whether changes in the circulating virus contributed to the surge.
Explanation
- H1N1 is a subtype of Influenza A virus, named after its surface proteins Haemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N).
- It is commonly called swine flu because related influenza viruses historically circulated among pigs; the 2009 H1N1 pandemic involved sustained human-to-human transmission.
- It primarily spreads through respiratory droplets and aerosols released during coughing, sneezing or talking.
- Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue and muscle aches; severe infection may cause pneumonia or respiratory distress.
- Elderly persons, young children, pregnant women and people with comorbidities face greater risk of complications.
- Diagnosis may involve RT-PCR, while oseltamivir is an antiviral used for treatment, particularly in high-risk or severe cases.
- Seasonal influenza vaccination, respiratory hygiene and ventilation help reduce infection and severe disease.
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