Context:
Recent industrial accidents such as boiler explosions have highlighted systemic safety failures in India, driven by inadequate regulation, poor enforcement, and neglect of risks accumulating over time.
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water is heated to produce steam or hot water under pressure, used for energy and industrial processes.
- Example: In thermal power plants, boilers generate steam to run turbines and produce electricity.
- Applications of Boilers: Boilers are widely used in power generation, manufacturing industries (textiles, chemicals, steel), food processing, and heating systems.
- Boiler explosions occur due to excessive pressure, poor maintenance, scaling, or mismanagement of water levels leading to structural failure.
- Industrial safety is governed by laws such as the Factories Act, 1948 and Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020.
- Boiler inspection systems are regulated at national and state levels, but certification is often periodic and not continuous.
- Ease of Doing Business reforms have promoted self-certification and reduced inspections, impacting regulatory oversight.
- Third-party audits are used instead of government inspections but may lack strict accountability.
- Industrial accidents like Visakhapatnam gas leak (2020) and Neyveli blast (2020) highlight recurring safety lapses.
- Contract labour system increases vulnerability due to lack of training, accountability, and safety awareness.
- Migrant workers often face language barriers, leading to poor understanding of safety protocols and chemical hazards.
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Industrial Safety Regulation and Boiler Explosion Risks