Context:
The Lok Sabha defeated the Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2026, on April 17, 2026, failing to secure the required two-thirds majority (298 for, 230 against).
Delimitation and Women Reservation in India:
- The 131st Constitutional Amendment Bill aimed to accelerate 33% women’s reservation for the 2029 elections by immediately using the 2011 Census for delimitation and increasing Lok Sabha seats to 850, bypassing the post-2026 census requirement.
- Constitutional Amendment Bills require:
- Special majority- majority of total membership + two-thirds of members present and voting (Article 368).
- Some amendments also need ratification by half of the states (if federal provisions are affected).
- Women’s Reservation (106th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2023) provides 33% reservation in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, but its implementation is linked to delimitation after the next Census.
- Delimitation refers to the redrawing of boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure equal representation based on population.
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