Context:
The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) has installed a second Coastal Flood Monitoring System (CFMS) near Kollam Harbour in Kerala. The system aims to improve forecasting and early warning of Kallakkadal (swell surge) events along India’s southwest coast.
- INCOIS is an autonomous institution under the Ministry of Earth Sciences established in 1999 and headquartered in Hyderabad.
- Kallakkadal refers to sudden high-energy swell waves generated by distant storms in the southern Indian Ocean, often without local rainfall or strong winds.
- These swell surges can inundate coastal settlements, damage fishing infrastructure, erode beaches, and affect livelihoods of coastal communities.
- CFMS uses pressure sensors and coastal observation systems installed in shallow waters to measure wave height, water level, and wave period in real time.
- Long-period waves ranging from about 30–300 seconds are important indicators for swell surge forecasting.
- The system supports coastal flood forecasting, disaster preparedness, early warning dissemination, and coastal resilience.
- Vizhinjam and Kollam monitoring stations strengthen India’s ocean observation network along the Arabian Sea coast.
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Kallakkadal Forecasting and India’s Coastal Resilience