Context
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye signed the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, pledging a collective response to aggression against any member. The pact seeks to strengthen regional security and defence cooperation through collective deterrence.
Explanation
- Collective defence means an attack on one member is treated as an attack on all.
- Collective deterrence seeks to prevent aggression by increasing its expected cost.
- The agreement is trilateral and distinct from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
- Türkiye is a NATO member; NATO’s collective-defence principle is contained in Article 5.
- Saudi Arabia is a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
- Pakistan is a nuclear-weapon possessing state but is not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
- All three countries are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
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