Context: The NASA is preparing to launch Artemis II, the first crewed mission of its Artemis programme for renewed lunar exploration.
About Artemis II:
- First crewed lunar flyby mission (no landing); follows Artemis I (2022).
- Uses Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and Orion spacecraft (service module by European Space Agency).
- Trajectory: Employs Trans-Lunar Injection (TLI) and a hybrid free-return trajectory for safe return using lunar gravity.
- Crew: First mission to include first woman, first person of colour, and first non-American astronaut in a lunar mission.
- Programme Framework: Part of Artemis programme governed by Artemis Accords (India is a signatory).
- Long-term Goal: Supports sustained human presence on Moon, including Lunar Gateway and future Artemis III landing (South Pole focus).
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