Context
The Lok Sabha passed the Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2026, which proposes a National Tribunals Commission (NTC) to oversee the selection and appointment of chairpersons and members of various national tribunals. The government states that it seeks greater uniformity, transparency and independence in tribunal administration.
Explanation
- Tribunals are quasi-judicial bodies established for specialised and speedy adjudication of disputes; Article 323A provides for administrative tribunals, while Article 323B enables tribunals for specified matters.
- The 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 inserted Part XIV-A containing Articles 323A and 323B.
- The Tribunals Reforms Act, 2021 dealt with qualifications, appointment, tenure and service conditions of tribunal members.
- The Supreme Court struck down certain provisions of the 2021 Act for conflicting with earlier judgments and principles of separation of powers and judicial independence.
- The Court had favoured an independent National Tribunals Commission to provide professional expertise, transparent selection and institutional oversight.
- The 2026 Bill proposes an NTC headquartered in New Delhi, comprising a chairperson and four members—two judicial and two technical members.
- A retired Supreme Court judge or Chief Justice of a High Court would be eligible to head the Commission.
- The proposed framework covers selection, appointment, salaries, allowances, tenure, resignation and removal of tribunal members.
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