Context:
The Union Government has operationalised the four Labour Codes by publishing the final Rules through multiple gazette notifications. The move replaces 29 existing labour laws with a unified framework.
- India’s labour law framework historically consisted of numerous sector-specific laws, leading to complexity, overlapping provisions, and compliance burdens for industries and workers.
- To simplify and modernise labour regulation, Parliament consolidated 29 central labour laws into four Labour Codes between 2019 and 2020.
- The Code on Wages, 2019 universalises the concept of minimum wages and introduces the concept of a national floor wage below which States cannot fix wages.
- The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 deals with trade unions, strikes, layoffs, retrenchment, and dispute resolution mechanisms.
- The Code on Social Security, 2020 expands social security coverage to organised, unorganised, gig, and platform workers through schemes linked to EPFO and ESIC.
- The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 consolidates laws related to workplace safety, welfare, health standards, and working hours
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