Context
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment recently highlighted its welfare measures for De-notified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic communities. These are implemented mainly through the Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs (SEED) and a dedicated welfare board.
Explanation
- De-notified Tribes (DNTs) are communities once notified as “criminal tribes” under the colonial Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, and de-notified after its repeal in 1952.
- Nomadic Tribes move regularly for livelihood, while Semi-Nomadic Tribes remain settled for part of the year.
- DNT, NT and SNT are not separate constitutional categories; individual communities may be listed as SC, ST, OBC or none of these.
- Colonial stigma, absence of identity documents, permanent address, land and housing restrict their access to education, healthcare and welfare schemes.
- The Idate Commission, constituted in 2015, submitted its report in 2017.
- The Development and Welfare Board for De-notified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities (DWBDNC) was set up in 2019 to coordinate implementation.
- SEED has four components: coaching for competitive examinations, health cover through Ayushman Bharat–PM-JAY, livelihood and skill support, and housing assistance.
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SEED Scheme: Empowering DNT, Nomadic Communities