Context
India has rejected the newly operationalised Pakistan-China Boundary Joint Commission, stating that it has no legal basis and reiterating India’s position that Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh are integral parts of India.
Explanation
- China and Pakistan formed the Boundary Joint Commission to manage, monitor, and secure their shared border, specifically to support trade and transit linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
- The commission originates from the 2013 China-Pakistan Agreement on the Boundary Management System and provides a mechanism for managing their claimed boundary.
- The dispute traces to the 1963 China-Pakistan Boundary Agreement, under which Pakistan transferred control of the Shaksgam Valley (Trans-Karakoram Tract) to China.
- India maintains that Pakistan had no authority to transfer the territory and does not recognise the 1963 agreement. Shaksgam Valley lies north of the Siachen Glacier and forms part of the larger Karakoram region.
- The region is strategically linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which connects Kashgar in Xinjiang with Gwadar Port and forms part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). India objects to CPEC because parts of it pass through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK).
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Shaksgam Valley: Boundary Claims and CPEC Geopolitics