Context:
A UNCTAD report reveals that Africa and Latin America, despite holding nearly two-thirds of global biodiversity, accounted for just 14% of biodiversity-based exports in 2024. Global trade in these products reached $3.8 trillion, highlighting inequalities in value addition and market access.
Explanation
- Biodiversity-based trade involves products derived from biological resources, including food, natural fibres, medicinal plants and other natural ingredients.
- UN Conference Trade and Development (UNCTAD), established in 1964, promotes developing countries’ integration into international trade and the global economy.
- Biodiversity-rich developing countries often export raw materials, while developed economies capture greater value through processing and manufacturing.
- Tariff barriers, certification costs and non-tariff measures, including phytosanitary requirements, restrict developing countries’ access to international markets.
- UNCTAD’s BioTrade Initiative promotes sustainable collection, production, processing and commercialisation of biodiversity-derived goods and services.
- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1992, promotes biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources.
- The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022) contains four goals for 2050 and 23 targets for 2030, addressing biodiversity loss and financing needs.
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