Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: Global Issues, Issue: Decline of the G20.
Context:
The G20 is losing relevance as the US, China, and Russia skip the 2025 Johannesburg summit, reflecting weakened multilateralism and rising geopolitical tensions among major powers.
Key Highlights:
- Decline into a “Talking Shop”: After the initial summits, the G20 became largely a forum for discussion without concrete action. It failed to address global challenges like climate change and global trade effectively.
- Trump’s Impact on the G20:
- Trump’s trade war against China and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine further weakened the G20.
- Trump’s unilateralism and focus on US primacy undermined plurilateral platforms like the G20.
- His suggestion of a “G2” condominium with China elevated China’s status, while his proposal to re-induct Russia into the G8 diminished the G20’s relevance for Russia.
- The Future of the G20: The disinterest of the US, China, and Russia suggests a bleak future for the G20, with potentially declining attendance and relevance.
- India’s Re-evaluation: Trump’s geopolitics and geo-economics have prompted India to reassess its approach to China and the Quad.
- East Asia Summit (EAS) as a More Relevant Platform: Despite Modi’s absence from the EAS in Malaysia, the article argues that the EAS, which brings together countries from East and Southeast Asia, along with major global powers, is now a more important gathering than the G20 or the Quad.
- Failure to Address Key Global Challenges: The G20’s failure to address climate change, mercantilism in trade, and migration restrictions has contributed to its increasing irrelevance. These challenges require global consensus, which the G20 could have facilitated but failed to do.
The G20’s decline is due to the disengagement of major global powers, its failure to address critical global challenges, and the rise of alternative platforms like the East Asia Summit. The author suggests that the G20’s future is uncertain, with the potential for further decline in relevance and influence.
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