Codeine Cough Syrup Misuse in Bihar

Context:

Seizures of codeine-based cough syrups in Bihar have raised concerns about rising misuse, especially in the context of alcohol prohibition. Codeine syrups are being abused as substitutes for alcohol due to their opioid and sedative effects.

Explanation:

• Codeine is an opioid derived from morphine and is used as a cough suppressant and pain-relieving medicine. It acts on the brain’s cough centre but can also produce sedation, dependence and addiction.
• Codeine-based syrups are legally available only under medical prescription.
• Misuse may cause drowsiness, constipation, respiratory depression, withdrawal symptoms and overdose risk.
• In India, narcotic and psychotropic substances are regulated under the NDPS Act, 1985.
• Bihar has enforced alcohol prohibition since 2016, which has increased concerns over substance substitution. Apart from Bihar, complete alcohol prohibition (dry state status) applies to Gujarat, Mizoram, and Nagaland.

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Codeine Syrup Misuse and Public Health Concerns