Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: International Institutions, Issue: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Context:
The U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran’s operational nuclear facilities are unprecedented and have raised serious concerns, including the potential risk of radiation leaks.
Key Takeaways:
| About the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is the world’s leading intergovernmental organisation for scientific and technical cooperation in the nuclear field. It promotes the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology, especially in compliance with global non-proliferation norms. The IAEA Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 and came into force on 29 July 1957. The IAEA headquarters is located in Vienna, Austria. The agency currently has 178 member states, reflecting its wide international mandate and credibility. IAEA’s Legal Status and Global Role: The IAEA is an autonomous organization within the United Nations system. It reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and the UN Security Council.It is popularly referred to as the “Atoms for Peace and Development” organization within the UN framework. Its primary goal is to ensure that nuclear energy is not diverted for weapons purposes. Key Functions of the IAEA: The IAEA works to ensure that nuclear technology is used solely for peaceful purposes. It applies comprehensive nuclear safeguards, including: Monitoring, On-site inspections, Information analysis, and Other techniques to verify peaceful use. These safeguards serve as a first line of defense under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The IAEA helps enhance capacity at the national, regional, and international levels to respond to nuclear or radiological emergencies. It facilitates scientific cooperation and technical exchange among its member states. |
Assessing the Risk of Radiation Leaks:
The IAEA faces significant challenges in ensuring nuclear safety and security in the aftermath of the attacks on Iran’s nuclear sites. These challenges include verifying the absence of radiation leaks, assessing the extent of damage to the facilities, and, most critically, accounting for all nuclear materials to prevent their diversion for non-peaceful purposes.
The IAEA’s ability to effectively address these challenges is crucial for maintaining international nuclear safeguards and preventing further escalation of tensions in the region.
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