Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India’s Relation with Other nations, Issue: Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s five-nation tour.
Context:
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s five-nation tour from July 2-9, encompassing Ghana, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, and Namibia.
- The tour emphasizes defence cooperation, Africa outreach, and engagement in multilateral forums like BRICS, with a focus on strengthening south-south cooperation and addressing global challenges.
Key Takeaways:
Key focus areas and Objectives:
Defence Cooperation:
Brazil: Discussions with Brazil will center on enhancing defence cooperation, including:
- Secure communication systems for battlefield use.
- Offshore patrol vessels.
- Partnership in maintaining Scorpene submarines.
- Potential acquisition of Akash air defence systems.
- Coastal surveillance systems.
- Garuda artillery guns.
Argentina:
Defence cooperation will also be a key topic in discussions with Argentina, alongside rare earth minerals.
Africa Outreach:
Ghana: The visit to Ghana will focus on:
- Agriculture.
- Building a vaccine development hub in West Africa.
- Critical minerals.
- Digital public infrastructure.
- Renewal of cultural exchange programs.
Namibia:
An agreement on unified payment interoperability is expected to be signed. The visit will also include paying tribute to Namibian decolonisation icon Sam Nujoma.
- General Africa Strategy: India aims to support Africa’s aspirations for manufacturing and value addition within the continent.
Multilateral Engagements (BRICS Summit in Brazil):
- Reform of Global Governance: The main session of the BRICS summit will address the reform of global governance structures.
- Other Key Items: Discussions will also cover:
- Peace and Security.
- Environment, COP 30, and Global Health.
- Strengthening multilateralism.
- Economic and financial affairs.
- Artificial Intelligence.
Cross-Border Terrorism: India is expected to reiterate its concerns on cross-border terrorism during the BRICS meetings in Brazil and Argentina.
BRICS Chairmanship: India will hold the BRICS chair in 2026.
| Evolution of BRICS Summit: The grouping was first informally formed during a meeting of the leaders of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries on the sidelines of the G8 Outreach Summit in St.Petersburg, Russia, in 2006. Later that year, it was formalised during the 1st BRIC Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in New York. 2009: The first BRIC (BRICS minus South Africa) summit was held in Yekaterinburg, Russia. 2010: South Africa was accepted as a full member, and the group became BRICS.2011: South Africa attended its first BRICS summit in China. 2014: The Fortaleza Declaration was adopted at the 6th BRICS Summit, and it marked the establishment of the New Development Bank (NDB). 2015: The Ufa Declaration of BRICS was adopted at the 7th BRICS Summit held in Ufa, Russia. It covers a range of topics, including global governance, international security, and economic cooperation. 2021: The 13th BRICS Summit was held under India’s Chairship (virtual summit). It was the third time that India hosted the BRICS Summit after 2012 and 2016. |
- The 17th BRICS Summit will be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 6-7, 2025. With the theme “Strengthening Global South Cooperation for more Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”.
- The summit will focus on global governance reforms and deepening cooperation among BRICS nations and other countries from the Global South.
Bilateral Engagements: Argentina: The visit will mark the first full-fledged meeting between PM Modi and Argentina’s President Javier Gerardo Milei.
- Defence.
- Rare earth minerals.
- Agriculture.
- Traditional and renewable energy.
Trinidad and Tobago: This will be the first Prime Minister-level visit from India since 1999.
Challenges and Measures in India’s International Engagements:
Conclusion:
While PM Modi’s tour opens major opportunities in defence, energy, minerals, and multilateral leadership, it also comes with strategic and implementation-related challenges.
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