Context
Recently, Bihar and Jharkhand resolved their 25-year-old Sone River water-sharing dispute by signing an inter-State MoU. Bihar will receive 5.75 MAF and Jharkhand 2 MAF, facilitating irrigation and reservoir projects in drought-prone regions.
Explanation
- The Sone (Son) River originates near Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh, flows through Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar, and is a right-bank tributary of the Ganga.
- Major tributaries include the Rihand, Kanhar and North Koel; the river forms part of the Ganga river system.
- The dispute originated from the 1973 Bansagar Agreement among Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and undivided Bihar, which allocated 7.75 MAF to Bihar.
- After Jharkhand was created in 2000, disagreement arose over dividing undivided Bihar’s share.
- The new agreement allocates 5.75 MAF to Bihar and 2 MAF to Jharkhand.
- It enables full operation of Bihar’s Indrapuri Barrage, an irrigation diversion structure on the Sone in Rohtas district.
- Inter-State river-water disputes are covered by Article 262 and Entry 56 of the Union List.
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