Paper: GS-II, Subject: International Relation, Topic: International Institutions, Issue: SIPRI Report.
Context:
According to the 2025 SIPRI Report (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute), nearly all nine nuclear-armed countries, including India and Pakistan, continued to upgrade and modernize their nuclear arsenals in 2024 by enhancing existing weapons and introducing newer versions.
Key Points:
| About SIPRI SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. It is based in stockholm. It was established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis & recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. Funding: It was established on the basis of a decision by the Swedish Parliament and receives a substantial part of its funding in the form of an annual grant from the Swedish Government. The Institute also seeks financial support from other organizations in order to carry out its research |
Expansion and Modernisation:
- Nearly all of the nine nuclear-armed states the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel continued intensive nuclear modernization programmes in 2024.
- India slightly expanded its nuclear arsenal in 2024 and continued development of new nuclear delivery systems with enhanced capabilities.
- Pakistan continued development of new delivery systems, accumulated more fissile material, indicating intent to expand its arsenal. China accelerated expansion of its nuclear arsenal, It added ~100 warheads annually since 2023.
Global Nuclear Warhead Distribution and Trends (SIPRI Report 2024):
- Military Expenditure: Global spending reached $2.7 trillion in 2024, a 9.4% increase.
- Top spenders: USA ($997 billion), China ($314 billion).
- Top importers: Ukraine, India, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan.
- Top exporters: USA (43%), France (9.6%), Russia (7.8%).
Concerns and outlook on nuclear Control:
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