Paper: GS – III, Subject: Science and Technology, Topic: Achievements in the field of Science and Technology, Issue: Technology in Governance.
Context:
PM has made technology the greatest equaliser in governance. Today, even the poorest citizen enjoys the same digital identity as the wealthiest industrialist. India’s digital transformation reflects the philosophy of antyodaya, reaching the last person in the queue.
Key Highlights:
Early Innovations by PM:
As Gujarat Chief Minister:
- Jyotigram Scheme: Feeder separation for 24×7 power.
- Water conservation through scheduled electricity: Reduced rural migration.
- e-Dhara: digitised land records.
- SWAGAT: online grievance redressal via video conferencing.
Digital Governance Expansion as PM:
- JAM Trinity (Jan Dhan–Aadhaar–Mobile): 53+ crore bank accounts opened bringing street vendors, labourers, and farmers into financial mainstream.
- DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer): Eliminated leakages and saved ₹2.73 lakh crore.
- Aadhaar-enabled e-KYC: reduced authentication cost from ₹500+ to just ₹5.
Major Transformations in Governance:
India’s Tech Leadership Globally:
- Space Achievements:
- Chandrayaan-3: India became the 4th country to land on Moon and 1st near South Pole.
- Gaganyaan: India’s first human space mission.
- Semiconductor Ecosystem:
- Domestic chip manufacturing (28nm, 22nm, 7nm, 3nm tech).
- Creating self-reliance in high-end electronics.
- COVID-19 Response:
- CoWIN app managed world’s largest vaccination drive.
- Real-time delivery of medicines & oxygen monitored digitally.
Challenges:
Way Forward:
- Expand digital infrastructure to rural & remote areas.
- Strengthen data security & privacy frameworks.
- Promote inclusive tech policies bridging socio-economic divides.
- Encourage domestic R&D in AI, semiconductors, and quantum computing.
Conclusion:
Technology has turned India into a global model of digital transformation where the poorest citizen enjoys equal digital empowerment. With continued focus on innovation, inclusion, and infrastructure, India is poised to leapfrog into a knowledge-driven economy.
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