Paper: GS – II, Subject: Polity, Topic: Judiciary, Issue: Supreme Court Decision Fireworks.
Context:
The Supreme Court permits green fireworks in Delhi-NCR for Deepavali 2025 to balance festivals with pollution control.
Key Takeaways:
About Green Crackers:
- Green crackers are eco-friendly fireworks developed by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research.
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) to reduce harmful emissions and air pollution.
- These crackers are made with smaller shells, reduced raw material use, elimination of ash, and dust-suppressant additives, which help curb smoke and particulate emissions.
- While combustion-based fireworks can never be entirely pollution-free, green crackers release 30–40% fewer pollutants than traditional ones.
Variants Developed by CSIR-NEERI:
Introduced in 2018, CSIR-NEERI created three key variants:
- SWAS (Safe Water Releaser)
- STAR (Safe Thermite Cracker)
- SAFAL (Safe Minimal Aluminium)
These versions eliminate potassium nitrate and sulphur, helping cut gas and dust emissions significantly while maintaining festive brightness and sound within safer limits.
Implications of the Order:
- Test Case for Green Fireworks: The decision serves as a trial to assess the real-world impact of green fireworks on air quality during Diwali.
- Regulatory Challenges: Enforcing the regulations regarding licensed traders, NEERI registration, and PESO licensing will be crucial.
- Potential for Future Relaxation: If the “test case” proves successful, the court may consider further relaxation of the ban in future years.
- Balancing Act: The order highlights the ongoing challenge of balancing environmental concerns with cultural and economic interests.
The Supreme Court’s ruling balances festive celebrations with environmental protection by permitting strictly regulated green fireworks.
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