Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India and Its Neighborhood, Issue: Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment Bill.
Context:
The 27th Amendment reshapes Pakistan’s civil-military structure by making the Army Chief the supreme commander of all armed forces, granting him legal immunity, and establishing a Federal Constitutional Court that outranks the Supreme Court.
Key Takeaways:
About Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment Bill:
A rapidly passed constitutional amendment that centralises military authority, elevates the role and immunity of five-star officers (currently Asim Munir), and creates a new Federal Constitutional Court above the existing Supreme Court for constitutional matters.
Aim:
- To formalise the military’s dominant role in Pakistan’s political and security structure.
- To institutionalise a new judicial architecture that limits the Supreme Court’s influence over constitutional interpretation.
- To grant permanent legal immunity and expanded authority to top military leadership.
Key Features of the Amendment:
- Asim Munir becomes more powerful: The Army Chief now becomes Chief of Defence Forces (CDF), bringing the Navy and Air Force under his command.
- All future Army Chiefs will also hold this dual role.
- Control over Strategic & Nuclear Assets: A new Commander of the National Strategic Command is created.
- This official appointed on the Army Chief’s recommendation will oversee Pakistan’s nuclear and strategic assets.
- Lifelong Immunity for Five-Star Officers: Five-star officers (a rank held only by Asim Munir and previously Ayub Khan) get: Lifelong legal immunity from any prosecution.
- Permanent rank and privileges, remaining in uniform for life.
- Removal only through a two-thirds majority in Parliament.
- This effectively places Munir above any law or judicial scrutiny.
New Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) Created:
The 27th Amendment institutionalizes the Pakistan Army’s stranglehold on state institutions, undermining civilian supremacy and the independence of the judiciary, while emphasizing its preeminent role in governance and foreign affairs.
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