Context:
The U.S. Supreme Court has struck down the Trump administration’s executive order seeking to end automatic birthright citizenship for children born in the United States to undocumented or temporary immigrant parents. The Court reaffirmed the constitutional guarantee of citizenship under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Explanation:
- Birthright Citizenship (Jus Soli) means citizenship is granted based on place of birth, irrespective of parents’ nationality, subject to limited exceptions.
- The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) to the U.S. Constitution states that all persons born or naturalised in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are citizens of the U.S.
- Jus Soli (Right of Soil) differs from Jus Sanguinis (Right of Blood), where citizenship is determined by the nationality of one’s parents.
- Exceptions to U.S. birthright citizenship include children of foreign diplomats, enemy forces during occupation, and certain persons not subject to U.S. jurisdiction.
- Naturalisation is the legal process through which a foreign national acquires citizenship after fulfilling prescribed conditions.
- In India, citizenship is governed by Articles 5–11 of the Constitution and the Citizenship Act, 1955.
- India originally followed unrestricted Jus Soli, but the 1986 and 2003 amendments introduced parental citizenship requirements to address concerns over illegal immigration.
Source: (The Indian Express, The Hindu, Live Mint)
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