Paper: GS – II, Subject: International Relations, Topic: India and Its Neighborhood, Issue: Thailand and Cambodia Border Disputes.
Context:
The border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia is a complex issue with deep historical roots, recent political ramifications, and potential international legal implications.
- The recent suspension of Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra highlights the sensitivity of the issue and its impact on Thai domestic politics.
Key Takeaways:
Historical Context: The border between Thailand and Cambodia is around 800 kilometers long.
- Disputes date back to the drawing of the border based on a map from 1907, created during French colonial rule, which both countries interpret differently.
- Historical conflicts between the two nations date back centuries, often rooted in the legacy of competing empires and influences from colonialism.
Thailand’s Geographical and Political Significance:
- Location: Centrally positioned in Mainland Southeast Asia, serving as a land and maritime bridge between India and ASEAN countries.
- Land Borders: Shares boundaries with Myanmar (NW), Laos (NE), Cambodia (E), and Malaysia (S).
- Water Bodies: Bordered by Andaman Sea (SW) and Gulf of Thailand (S) critical for Blue Economy and Maritime Security in Indo-Pacific.
- Capital: Bangkok
- Currency: Thai Baht (THB) Official Language: Thai Religion: Theravada Buddhism is practiced by 95% of the population.
- Thailand is a key pillar in India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific Vision.
About Cambodia:
- Cambodia, country on the Indochinese mainland of Southeast Asia.
- Its capital is Phnom Penh.
- It is bordered to the west and northwest by Thailand, to the northeast by Laos, to the east and southeast by Vietnam and to the southwest by the Gulf of Thailand.
Thailand and Cambodia Border Disputes Analysis:
Conclusion:
The border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia remains complex and multifaceted, intertwining historical grievances with contemporary political dynamics. As tensions continue to simmer, the situation is subject to change, influenced both by domestic politics and ongoing legal battles over territorial claims.
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