| Syllabus: GS-II, Subject: International relations, Topic: India and its neighborhood, Issue: Paradiplomacy |
Paradiplomacy:
- Paradiplomacy refers to subnational exchanges that aid relations between nations.
- Punjabiyat, or shared Punjabi identity, has historically facilitated Indo-Pak relations.
Paradiplomacy at work:
- Leaders from Punjab, India, and Punjab, Pakistan, have engaged in various exchanges to promote ties.
- Initiatives include visits, sports events, and trade discussions between leaders of both Punjabs.
- The Attari-Wagah land route, opened in 2005, facilitated trade between India and Pakistan.
- The route was closed in 2019 but there is mutual interest in reopening it for trade.
