Paper : GS-II, Subject : International Relations,
Topic : International institutions, agencies Issue : India’s strategy to tackle divided west.
Context:
PM Modi participated in the 2025 G7 Summit in Canada. The summit takes place amid geopolitical flux and deepening divisions within the G7 bloc. India’s presence provides an opportunity to assess Western power dynamics and promote its strategic interests.
Key Highlights:
Historical evolution of western unity:
- Colonial and cold war era: Western unity has historically been fraught with rivalry and dependence, especially during colonial and Cold War eras.
- Post-cold war scenario: The post-Cold War moment has weakened due to rise of multipolarity (e.g., BRICS, China, Russia), strategic divergences within the West and erosion of transatlantic unity (e.g., under Trump and post-Brexit Europe).
Internal Contradictions within G7: Once a symbol of Western unity, the G7 now reflects divisions over trade, climate, technology and regional security (Europe, Middle East, Indo-Pacific).
Russia-Ukraine Conflict: G7 backs Ukraine and sanctions Russia, but uncertainty about US commitment persists. European allies are anxious over Trump’s unpredictability and US foreign policy reversals. This conflict has deepened transatlantic fractures and shifted focus to European strategic autonomy.
Middle East & Indo-Pacific Dynamics: US and European policies diverge over Iran (e.g., Israel-Palestine stance), Middle East instabilityChina’s assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific.
Deepening fault lines: G7 faces disagreements over trade and defence. Trump’s past tariffs on European allies strained unity while NATO spending disputes persist. Though Biden attempted to restore Western unity, Trump’s re-emergence signals new risks of American unilateralism.
Role of India:
- Shaping global agenda: India’s regular participation (though not a G7 member) helps shape global conversations and boost its diplomatic profile.
- Multi-alignment: India engages multiple blocs to secure its own interests in a fragmented order.
- India’s Diplomatic Opportunity: PM Modi’s presence at G7 provides India with first-hand insights into evolving Western priorities. India can leverage it to build global coalitions for economic security and tech cooperation.
- Balancing ties: India can balance ties with competing blocs (G7, BRICS, Global South) and position itself as a bridge between developed and developing worlds.
- Global south push: Promote global South priorities such as equitable trade, climate justice, and tech access.
Conclusion:
The G7 Summit offers India a chance to assess the shifting global power architecture. India’s active engagement can strengthen its global leadership role amidst Western disunity.
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